Cardiovascular Diseases
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) refer to a group of conditions that affect the heart and blood vessels, often leading to complications such as heart attacks, strokes, and heart failure. These diseases are among the leading causes of death worldwide and can significantly impact an individual's quality of life.
Here are some common cardiovascular diseases:
- 1. Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): CAD occurs when the blood vessels that supply oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle become narrowed or blocked by plaque buildup. This can lead to chest pain (angina), heart attacks, and other complications.
- 2. Hypertension (High Blood Pressure): Hypertension is a condition characterized by elevated blood pressure levels, putting increased strain on the heart and blood vessels. If left untreated, hypertension can lead to heart attacks, strokes, kidney disease, and other health problems.
- 3. Heart Failure: Heart failure occurs when the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. It can result from conditions such as CAD, hypertension, and cardiomyopathy and may lead to symptoms such as shortness of breath, fatigue, and fluid retention.
- 4. Arrhythmias: Arrhythmias are abnormal heart rhythms that can cause the heart to beat too slowly, too quickly, or irregularly. While some arrhythmias are harmless, others can be life-threatening and may require treatment with medications, devices, or procedures.
- 5. Valvular Heart Disease: Valvular heart disease occurs when one or more of the heart's valves are damaged or diseased, affecting blood flow within the heart. This can lead to symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, and fatigue.
